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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei in a...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

Current concepts on hyperpolarized molecules in MRI.

Alessandra Viale1, Silvio Aime

  • 1Department of Chemistry, IFM and Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Torino, V. Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy. alessandra.viale@unito.it

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|November 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperpolarization significantly boosts MRI signals, enabling imaging of various nuclei. This technique visualizes real-time metabolism and cellular activity, offering new clinical insights.

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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Published on: September 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biochemistry
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Background:

  • Hyperpolarization enhances Magnetic Resonance (MR) signals significantly.
  • Enables imaging beyond proton nuclei.
  • Facilitates in vivo visualization of real-time biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of hyperpolarized molecules in medical imaging.
  • To highlight the potential of metabolic imaging for clinical diagnostics.
  • To demonstrate real-time visualization of substrate uptake and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing hyperpolarized molecules to amplify MR signals.
  • Acquiring images from non-proton nuclei.
  • Developing techniques for in vivo metabolic imaging.

Main Results:

  • Achieved strong enhancement of MR signals.
  • Successfully visualized real-time substrate uptake and metabolism in vivo.
  • Demonstrated the potential for detailed metabolic pathway interrogation.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperpolarization is a powerful tool for advanced MR imaging.
  • Metabolic imaging offers direct insights into cellular state and activity.
  • This technology holds promise for future clinical applications in diagnostics.