[Local and systemic immunological disorders in patients with subretinal proliferation]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Immunology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Retinal detachment (RD) with subretinal proliferation (SP) presents complex immunological challenges.
• Understanding the immune microenvironment in RD is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comparatively analyze immunoglobulin levels in subretinal fluid (SRF) and peripheral blood immune cell profiles in patients with posttraumatic and regmatogenic RD complicated by SP.
• To assess the leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) responses in these patient groups.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE) in SRF and peripheral blood T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) from 20 patients with SP.
• Evaluation of LMIT using phytohemagglutinin, Con-A, and retinal antigen.

Main Results:

• All patients exhibited SRF immunoglobulins, with elevated levels in long-standing or recurrent RD.
• Regmatogenic RD patients showed significantly higher peripheral blood T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) compared to posttraumatic RD.
• Both groups had increased LMIT, but regmatogenic RD demonstrated a more pronounced inhibition with retinal antigens.

Conclusions:

• Distinct immunological profiles exist between regmatogenic and posttraumatic RD with SP.
• Regmatogenic RD is associated with a more robust cellular immune response and heightened sensitivity to retinal antigens.