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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Self-Esteem01:28

Self-Esteem

Self-esteem, a core aspect of psychological well-being, reflects an individual's positive and negative self-evaluation in terms of worth, competence, and overall value. It is both a stable trait and a dynamic process, influenced by experiences and social interactions across the lifespan. While global self-esteem offers a general assessment, research highlights that self-esteem is multidimensional and varies across specific life domains.Domain-Specific Self-EsteemResearchers have delineated...
Introduction to Personality Psychology01:29

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality encompasses a set of enduring traits and behavioral patterns that define how individuals think, feel, and interact, ultimately shaping their unique identities. The concept of personality has deep historical roots, deriving from the Latin term "persona," which means "mask." This term initially referred to the roles played by actors in ancient theater, signifying the different facets individuals display in various contexts.
Early Theories of Personality
The study of personality dates...
Factors Influencing Attraction VI: Personality Traits01:23

Factors Influencing Attraction VI: Personality Traits

Personality traits are fundamental in shaping social perception and influencing interpersonal relationships. Certain traits, such as agreeableness and extraversion, contribute positively to social interactions, whereas others, such as narcissism, have complex and often contradictory effects on how individuals are perceived over time.The Role of Agreeableness and ExtraversionAgreeableness and extraversion are associated with higher levels of interpersonal attractiveness and likability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Personality scale validities increase throughout medical school.

Filip Lievens1, Deniz S Ones, Stephan Dilchert

  • 1Department of Personnel Management and Work and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

The Journal of Applied Psychology
|November 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personality traits like conscientiousness increasingly predict medical student academic performance over time. Early assessments may underestimate the long-term predictive power of personality for academic success.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Predictor-criterion relationships are crucial for admissions and personnel decisions.
  • The stability of personality trait validity in predicting academic performance over time is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal validity of Big Five personality factors and facets in predicting medical school academic performance.
  • To determine if the predictive validity of personality traits changes across different years of medical education.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of a national cohort of medical students (N=627 in Year 1, N=306 in Year 7).
  • Analysis of Big Five personality factors and facet scores in relation to academic performance (GPA) across multiple years.

Main Results:

  • Extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness showed increasing validity for predicting GPA over time.
  • Conscientiousness demonstrated a significant increase in predictive validity, from .18 to .45.
  • Openness and extraversion became more important for later academic performance as practical application increased.

Conclusions:

  • Relying on early academic criteria may underestimate the predictive utility of personality variables.
  • Personality traits, particularly conscientiousness, become increasingly valuable predictors of academic success in later medical school years.
  • Findings have implications for using personality measures to predict professional performance.