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Related Concept Videos

SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Standards of Care II01:19

Standards of Care II

Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

Changed indications for cesarean sections.

Ylva Vladic Stjernholm1, Karin Petersson, Eva Eneroth

  • 1Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. ylva.vladic-stjernholm@karolinska.se

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|November 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cesarean section rates increased significantly, driven by a rise in elective procedures for psychosocial reasons. This shift highlights changing attitudes toward childbirth and delivery methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal Health
  • Surgical Procedures

Background:

  • Cesarean delivery rates have shown a global upward trend.
  • Understanding the evolving indications for cesarean sections is crucial for maternal and neonatal care.
  • Changes in medical practice and patient preferences influence delivery mode decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the primary indications for cesarean sections between the early 1990s and the mid-2000s.
  • To analyze trends in elective versus emergency cesarean delivery reasons.
  • To identify shifts in obstetric practice and patient-driven factors influencing cesarean rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study design.
  • Analysis of original obstetrical records from a tertiary hospital.
  • Comparison of data from 1992 and 2005.

Main Results:

  • Total cesarean delivery rate increased from 11% in 1992 to 20% in 2005.
  • Elective cesarean indications shifted from pathological fetal lie/uterine factors to psychosocial factors (maternal fear/request).
  • Urgent/emergency cesarean indications remained primarily presumed fetal compromise and prolonged labor.

Conclusions:

  • The rise in elective cesareans for psychosocial reasons indicates evolving attitudes among patients and obstetricians.
  • Enhanced community antenatal care support is recommended.
  • Development of standardized decision-making tools for cesarean practice is suggested.