Differential diagnosis of torticollis: a case report

Area of Science:

• Pediatric physical therapy
• Developmental pediatrics
• Neurology

Background:

• Infantile torticollis often presents with a characteristic posture.
• Co-occurring conditions like hydrocephalus can complicate diagnosis and treatment.
• Early and accurate differential diagnosis is essential for effective intervention.

Observation:

• A 4-month-old male infant presented with torticollis and hydrocephalus.
• The infant exhibited gross motor delay and difficulty maintaining a midline head position despite physical therapy.
• Initial physical therapy included positioning, strengthening, stretching, and neuromuscular facilitation.

Findings:

• Six months of physical therapy showed improvements in cervical range of motion.
• Persistent gross motor delay and challenges with midline head control were noted.
• Differential diagnosis was key to identifying the underlying causes and guiding the intervention plan.

Implications:

• Interventions for infantile torticollis must emphasize corrective positioning to promote symmetry.
• A comprehensive differential diagnosis approach is vital for tailoring the plan of care.
• Integrating home exercise programs into family routines supports developmental progress.