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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Visualization of UV-induced Replication Intermediates in E. coli using Two-dimensional Agarose-gel Analysis
Published on: December 21, 2010
Plasmid DNA replication and topology as visualized by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis
J B Schvartzman1, M L Martínez-Robles, P Hernández
1Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain. schvartzman@cib.csic.es
Abstract:
During the last 20 years, two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis combined with other techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction, helicase assay and electron microscopy, helped to characterize plasmid DNA replication and topology. Here we describe some of the most important findings that were made using this method including the characterization of uni-directional replication, replication origin interference, DNA breakage at the forks, replication fork blockage, replication knotting, replication fork reversal, the interplay of supercoiling and catenation and other changes in DNA topology that take place as replication progresses.
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