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Developmental changes in attention and comprehension among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Ursula L Bailey1, Elizabeth P Lorch, Richard Milich
1Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
Child Development
|November 26, 2009
Summary
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed developmental increases in visual attention but worsening story comprehension deficits over time compared to peers. Distractions like toys further impaired recall for children with ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with challenges in executive functions, including attention and comprehension.
- Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding the developmental trajectory of ADHD-related deficits.
- The impact of environmental distractors on cognitive performance in children with ADHD requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine developmental changes in visual attention and story comprehension in children with ADHD and comparison peers.
- To assess the longitudinal impact of ADHD on narrative comprehension.
- To investigate the moderating effect of environmental distractors (toys) on attention and comprehension.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal study design tracking 132 children from ages 7-9 (Phase 1) to approximately age 10-11 (Phase 2).
- Children viewed two televised stories under two conditions: in the presence of toys and in their absence.
- Measures included visual attention and story comprehension (factual and causal recall).
Main Results:
- Both groups demonstrated developmental increases in visual attention with stable group differences over time.
- Children with ADHD exhibited increasing deficits in story comprehension compared to peers.
- While comparison children improved recall of factual and causal information, children with ADHD showed no improvement in factual recall (toys present) or causal recall (either condition).
Conclusions:
- Children with ADHD experience a developmental worsening of story comprehension deficits, particularly in recalling causal relations.
- Environmental distractors, such as toys, may exacerbate comprehension difficulties in children with ADHD.
- These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support narrative comprehension development in children with ADHD.
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