Characterization of the isophthalate degradation genes of Comamonas sp. strain E6

The isophthalate (IPA) degradation gene cluster (iphACBDR) responsible for the conversion of IPA into protocatechuate (PCA) was isolated from Comamonas sp. strain E6, which utilizes phthalate isomers as sole carbon and energy sources via the PCA 4,5-cleavage pathway. Based on amino acid sequence similarity, the iphA, iphC, iphB, iphD, and iphR genes were predicted to code for an oxygenase component of IPA dioxygenase (IPADO), a periplasmic IPA binding receptor, a 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,5-dicarboxylate (1,5-DCD) dehydrogenase, a reductase component of IPADO, and an IclR-type transcriptional regulator, respectively. The iphACBDR genes constitute a single transcriptional unit, and transcription of the iph catabolic operon was induced during growth of E6 on IPA. The iphA, iphD, and iphB genes were expressed in Escherichia coli. Crude IphA and IphD converted IPA in the presence of NADPH into a product which was transformed to PCA by IphB. These results suggested that IPADO is a two-component dioxygenase that consists of a terminal oxygenase component (IphA) and a reductase component (IphD) and that iphB encodes the 1,5-DCD dehydrogenase. Disruption of iphA and iphB resulted in complete loss of growth of E6 on IPA. Inactivation of iphD significantly affected growth on IPA, and the iphC mutant did not grow on IPA at neutral pH. These results indicated that the iphACBD genes are essential for the catabolism of IPA in E6. Disruption of iphR resulted in faster growth of E6 on IPA, suggesting that iphR encodes a repressor for the iph catabolic operon. Promoter analysis of the operon supported this notion.