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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures
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Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

Improving compound quality through in vitro and in silico physicochemical profiling.

Han van de Waterbeemd1

  • 1han.vandewaterbeemd@orange.fr

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Drug development faces high attrition rates. This review highlights physicochemical assays and in silico predictions, crucial for optimizing drug candidates by assessing properties like lipophilicity and solubility early in development.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures
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Published on: March 28, 2017

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05:57

Synthesizing Amino Acids Modified with Reactive Carbonyls in Silico to Assess Structural Effects Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Drug development attrition is high due to issues with compound quality.
  • Early focus on physicochemical properties, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics (DMPK), and safety is critical.
  • Understanding these factors improves the likelihood of a compound reaching the market.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current in vitro assays and in silico prediction methods for compound and library design.
  • To emphasize the importance of physicochemical properties in drug discovery and lead optimization.
  • To discuss the integration of data and computational modeling for predictive ADMET models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging in vitro physicochemical assays.
  • Discussion of in silico prediction tools and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models.
  • Exploration of data mining from public and proprietary databases.

Main Results:

  • Key physicochemical properties (lipophilicity, pKa, solubility, permeability) significantly influence ADMET properties.
  • Abundant data from high-throughput assays are available in public and private domains.
  • Advancements in pipelining technology facilitate the development of robust predictive in silico ADMET models.

Conclusions:

  • Early assessment of physicochemical properties is vital for successful drug development.
  • Integrating in vitro assays with in silico predictions enhances compound optimization.
  • Predictive modeling using comprehensive datasets improves the efficiency of identifying viable drug leads.