Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Published on: September 19, 2018

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the thyroid

Steven I Sherman1

  • 1Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Unit 1461, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA. sisherma@mdanderson.org

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|November 28, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Novel protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) show promise for advanced thyroid cancer, targeting angiogenesis. Monitoring thyroid function is crucial due to potential adverse effects from these targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a significant advancement in targeted cancer therapy.
  • Conventional treatments are often ineffective for advanced or metastatic differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging role of novel therapies, particularly TKIs targeting angiogenesis, in treating advanced thyroid carcinoma.
  • To highlight the efficacy and safety profiles of these agents, including their impact on thyroid function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for novel angiogenesis-targeting agents in differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinomas.
  • Analysis of reported response rates, disease stabilization, and adverse effects, with a focus on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Partial response rates up to 30% observed in single-agent studies, with prolonged disease stabilization being a more common outcome.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, such as sorafenib and sunitinib, show promising preliminary results.
  • Adverse effects on thyroid function and hormone metabolism necessitate regular monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Novel TKIs targeting angiogenesis offer promising therapeutic options for patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma unresponsive to conventional treatments.
  • Clinical trial participation is emphasized for accessing these novel agents.
  • Proactive monitoring of thyroid function is essential for patients undergoing TKI therapy.

More Related Videos

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia10:49

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Published on: September 18, 2013

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma06:08

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...