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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

DNA vaccines for biodefense.

Lesley C Dupuy1, Connie S Schmaljohn

  • 1Heaadquauarters, Unnited Staates Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. lesley.dupuy@amedd.army.mil

Expert Review of Vaccines
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA vaccines offer a promising platform for rapid development of biodefense vaccines against emerging threats. This review examines their potential for pathogens like Bacillus anthracis and Ebola virus.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines

Published on: October 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biodefense
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The need for rapid vaccine development against emerging and engineered pathogens is critical for biodefense.
  • Ideal vaccine platforms must be quickly formulated, effective in few doses, overcome pre-existing immunity, and be safe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current development status of DNA vaccines as a biodefense platform.
  • To assess DNA vaccine potential against specific biodefense threats.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNA vaccine development efforts.
  • Focus on pathogens including Bacillus anthracis, Ebola and Marburg viruses, smallpox virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

Main Results:

  • DNA vaccines show potential to meet ideal biodefense vaccine criteria.
  • Development efforts are underway for several high-priority biodefense pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • DNA vaccine technology presents a viable strategy for future biodefense applications.
  • Further research and development are crucial for realizing the full potential of DNA vaccines against diverse threats.