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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

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Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes
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Filoviruses: Scientific Gaps and Prototype Pathogen Recommendation.

Lesley C Dupuy1, Christina F Spiropoulou2, Jonathan S Towner2

  • 1Virology Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Filoviridae viruses, like Ebola and Marburg, cause severe hemorrhagic fevers. This review identifies critical knowledge gaps and potential candidates for pandemic preparedness against these high-priority pathogens.

Keywords:
Ebola virusMarburg virusSudan virusfilovirusesprototype pathogensscientific gaps

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Filoviruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are highly virulent pathogens responsible for severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and primates.
  • Outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa exhibit high case fatality rates (25-90%), with increasing frequency and geographic spread, necessitating robust pandemic preparedness.
  • Despite being designated high-priority pathogens, significant scientific knowledge gaps persist regarding filovirus biology and pathogenesis.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on filoviruses, focusing on critical research areas.
  • It assesses potential prototype pathogen candidates for developing effective countermeasures.
  • The analysis highlights the urgent need for further research to address existing scientific gaps.

Key Points:

  • Filovirus outbreaks pose a significant global health threat due to high mortality and potential for rapid spread.
  • Existing scientific knowledge is insufficient for comprehensive pandemic preparedness against filoviruses.
  • Identifying and characterizing prototype pathogens is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing scientific gaps in filovirus research is paramount for effective pandemic preparedness.
  • Further investigation into prototype filovirus pathogens is essential for vaccine and therapeutic development.
  • Enhanced global collaboration and research funding are critical to mitigate the threat of filovirus diseases.