Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Ribosomal protein mRNAs are translationally-regulated during human dendritic cells activation by LPS

Maurizio Ceppi1, Giovanna Clavarino, Evelina Gatti

  • 1Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. m.ceppi@genomicvision.com

Immunome Research
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study reveals that messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are translationally regulated during dendritic cell (DC) activation, impacting protein biosynthesis and immune responses. Ribosomal protein mRNA levels decrease during late maturation, suggesting a feedback mechanism.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Translational Regulation

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune sentinels with complex maturation processes.
  • Transcriptional profiling has limitations; mRNA regulation also occurs at the translational level.
  • Understanding translational control in DCs is crucial for deciphering immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze translationally regulated mRNAs during DC activation.
  • To identify novel protein networks involved in immune regulation.
  • To investigate the relationship between gene expression and protein production in DCs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized translational profiling combining sucrose gradient fractionation of polysomal-bound mRNAs with DNA microarray analysis.
  • Analyzed mRNA populations from immature and LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs.
  • Employed Affymetrix microarrays U133 2.0 for transcript analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified 375 transcripts as translationally regulated during DC activation.
  • Protein biosynthesis was the most statistically relevant biological function among regulated mRNAs.
  • Disengagement of 11 large ribosomal protein mRNAs from polysomes at late maturation suggests a negative feedback loop.

Conclusions:

  • Translational regulation plays a significant role in immune responses.
  • This study may help identify novel immunity-related protein networks.
  • Highlights potential discrepancies between gene expression and protein production in DCs.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling10:00

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Published on: October 28, 2014

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells09:04

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...