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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
09:32

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

3D genome tuner: compare multiple circular genomes in a 3D context.

Qi Wang1, Qun Liang, Xiuqing Zhang

  • 1Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. qwang.big@gmail.com

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

3D Genome Tuner visualizes multiple circular genomes in 3D for advanced comparative genomics. This tool enhances genome analysis by enabling feature-based comparisons beyond traditional 2D maps.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
09:32

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Mapping Mammalian 3D Genome Interactions with Micro-C-XL
11:41

Mapping Mammalian 3D Genome Interactions with Micro-C-XL

Published on: November 3, 2023

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Circular genomes represent the majority of sequenced genomes and are crucial for genomic analysis.
  • Existing 2D circular genome maps offer genome overviews and annotations but lack comparative capabilities.
  • Feature-based comparison of circular genomes is limited with current visualization tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel tool, 3D Genome Tuner, for enhanced visualization and comparison of circular genomes.
  • To address the limitations of traditional 2D circular maps in comparative genomics.
  • To provide a user-friendly platform for comparative genomic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed 3D Genome Tuner as a hybrid tool combining circular and comparative mapping functionalities.
  • Implemented a 3D visualization approach to display multiple circular maps simultaneously.
  • Designed the tool for intuitive navigation and feature-based comparison.

Main Results:

  • 3D Genome Tuner enables the visualization of multiple circular genome maps in a 3D space.
  • The tool facilitates feature-based comparisons between different circular genomes.
  • Offers a significant improvement over traditional 2D comparative genome mapping.

Conclusions:

  • 3D Genome Tuner provides a powerful new approach for comparative genomics.
  • The tool's 3D visualization capability greatly benefits the study of genome evolution and structure.
  • 3D Genome Tuner is freely available, promoting wider adoption in genomic research.