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Free phenolic acids in Ruta graveolens L. in vitro culture
1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland. mfekiert@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Die Pharmazie
|December 2, 2009
Summary
This study identified four phenolic acids in Ruta graveolens L. shoots cultured in vitro, with protocatechuic acid being the dominant compound. Medium composition significantly influenced metabolite content in these plant cell cultures.
Area of Science:
- Plant Science
- Phytochemistry
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) is a medicinal plant known for its secondary metabolites.
- Plant tissue culture offers a controlled environment for metabolite production.
- Phenolic acids are important bioactive compounds with various health benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the profile and content of phenolic acids in in vitro cultured Ruta graveolens L. shoots.
- To investigate the effect of different Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium variants, varying in auxin (NAA) and cytokinin (BAP) concentrations, on phenolic acid accumulation.
- To report the first isolation of protocatechuic acid from an in vitro plant culture of Ruta graveolens.
Main Methods:
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to quantify phenolic acids in methanolic extracts.
- Ruta graveolens L. shoots were cultured in vitro on four distinct LS media formulations.
- The concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were systematically varied (0.1–3.0 mg/l).
Main Results:
- Four phenolic acids were identified and quantified: protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid.
- Protocatechuic acid was the quantitatively dominant phenolic acid across all tested LS medium variants.
- The total phenolic acid content was significantly influenced by the specific LS medium composition, with protocatechuic acid content ranging from 67.15 to 93.24 mg/100 g dry weight in vitro.
Conclusions:
- In vitro culture of Ruta graveolens L. shoots allows for the production and accumulation of specific phenolic acids.
- The composition of the culture medium, particularly growth regulator concentrations, plays a crucial role in modulating phenolic acid biosynthesis.
- This study represents the first successful isolation and quantification of protocatechuic acid from an in vitro culture of Ruta graveolens, highlighting its potential for biotechnological applications.
