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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types.  Type I...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

RecQ helicases: multiple structures for multiple functions?

Alessandro Vindigni, Ian D Hickson

    HFSP Journal
    |December 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    RecQ helicases are crucial for suppressing genome instability and preventing human diseases. Understanding their structure and function is key to their role in DNA repair and replication.

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    Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
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    Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

    Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
    10:11

    Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

    Published on: July 26, 2024

    Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
    07:37

    Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase

    Published on: September 27, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • DNA and RNA helicases are essential enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, opening duplexes for various cellular processes.
    • Helicases utilize ATP hydrolysis to translocate along nucleic acid strands, influencing protein displacement, DNA junction migration, and superhelical tension.
    • The RecQ family of DNA helicases plays a significant role in maintaining genome stability and preventing human diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the RecQ family of DNA helicases, focusing on their structural motifs and assembly states.
    • To discuss novel biophysical techniques for studying RecQ helicase structures in solution.
    • To explore the roles of different RecQ domains and oligomeric forms in substrate recognition and helicase activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of RecQ helicase research.
    • Discussion of biophysical techniques (e.g., structural biology, biochemical assays) for characterizing RecQ helicases.
    • Analysis of structure-function relationships in RecQ helicases.

    Main Results:

    • RecQ helicases possess diverse structural motifs and exist in multiple assembly states.
    • Various biophysical methods can elucidate the structures of RecQ helicases in solution.
    • Specific domains and oligomeric forms of RecQ helicases dictate their DNA substrate specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • RecQ helicases are vital for genome stability and disease prevention.
    • Understanding RecQ structure and dynamics is crucial for deciphering their biological roles.
    • Further research into RecQ helicase mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with genomic instability.