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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 13, 2019

High content flow cytometric micronucleus scoring method is applicable to attachment cell lines.

Steven M Bryce¹, Jing Shi, John Nicolette

¹Litron Laboratories, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

|December 2, 2009

Summary

This study validates a flow cytometry method for micronucleus analysis in both suspension and attachment cells. The method reliably detects genotoxicants and can distinguish between different genotoxic mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Genetics
Cell Biology

Background:

A flow cytometric method for micronucleus analysis in suspension cells exists.
This study evaluates the compatibility of this method with attachment cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the In Vitro MicroFlow method for attachment cell cultures.
To determine its reliability and transferability across laboratories.
To explore its potential in distinguishing genotoxic modes of action.

Main Methods:

Utilized CHO-K1 and V79 cells.
Treated cells with various genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals.
Employed flow cytometry for micronucleus analysis.
Assessed inter-laboratory transferability across three sites.

Main Results:

The method effectively processed attachment cells and identified genotoxicants.
Genotoxicants increased micronucleus frequencies, while non-genotoxicants did not.
Inter-laboratory transferability was successful, with minor exceptions.
Flow cytometry distinguished between genotoxic modes of action (clastogens vs. aneugens).

Conclusions:

Flow cytometry provides reliable micronucleus counts for attachment cells.
The method offers additional data to discern genotoxic mechanisms.
This technique is a valuable tool for genotoxicity testing.