Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) shows age-dependent associations with externalizing psychopathology and atypical brain connectivity.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Development and validation of the NIMHANS-NMHS-2 disability scale (NNDS).

Indian journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Performance of the LDBio <i>Aspergillus</i> ICT lateral flow assay and western blot for diagnosing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-tuberculosis patients: a prospective study from South India.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Smartphone app-based Integrated Cognitive Control Training for Anxiety Disorders: Study protocol for a Multi-site Randomized Control Trial.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "MOGAD treatment outcomes and relapse characteristics: Real world experience from a Low-Middle income country" [Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Volume 100 (2025), 106548].

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2025
Same author

Comparison of Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Mean Transit Time Delay in Ipsilateral and Contralateral Hemispheres in Moyamoya Disease Using DSC Perfusion.

Turkish neurosurgery·2025
Same journal

Distinguishing drug-target effects from natural lipid variation and incorporating imaging outcomes in Mendelian randomisation studies of multiple sclerosis.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Long-term social cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke: Frequency and association with lesion volume and location in an exploratory pilot study.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Subjective cognitive decline among U.S. Cancer survivors, 2017-2024: Prevalence, cancer-specific patterns, and associated factors.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Comment on "Comparative impact of mental and cardiovascular comorbidities on adverse outcomes in people with MS".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Comment on "Efficacy and safety of conventional immunosuppressant therapies in elderly patients with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A target trial emulation study".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same journal

Increasing incidence of varicella-zoster virus meningitis in Japan, 2011-2022.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
08:43

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Published on: July 21, 2015

Refractory status epilepticus: a developing country perspective.

S Sinha1, D K Prashantha, K Thennarasu

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore - 560 029, Karnataka, India. sanjib_sinha2004@yahoo.co.in

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|December 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) seizures can be controlled in many patients. Long-term seizure freedom is achieved in about 30% of individuals with convulsive RSE.

More Related Videos

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
08:43

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Published on: July 21, 2015

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Convulsive refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a neurological emergency with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the factors influencing RSE outcomes is crucial for improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the causes, treatment responses, and outcomes of convulsive refractory status epilepticus (RSE).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 98 patients with convulsive RSE.
  • Patients received standard RSE treatment including benzodiazepines, phenytoin, or phenobarbitone.
  • Clinical, EEG, imaging data, and long-term seizure outcomes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Seventy-six patients presented with de novo RSE.
  • Precipitating factors included viral fever, anti-epileptic drug (AED) cessation, and alcohol use.
  • Abnormal EEG, CT, and MRI findings were observed in 81.5%, 63.4%, and 82.3% of patients, respectively.
  • Mortality was 34 patients; survivors had shorter NICU stays.
  • Long-term seizure freedom was achieved in 48.3% at 6 months and 28.6% at 12 months.
  • Approximately one-third of de novo RSE survivors developed post-SE symptomatic seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Seizures in convulsive RSE can be controlled in approximately two-thirds of patients.
  • Long-term seizure freedom is attainable in about 30% of individuals.
  • RSE poses significant challenges, necessitating continued research into optimal management strategies.