Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phase diversity improves retinal image quality in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Phase diversity improves retinal image quality in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Efficient split-step modeling for imaging through atmospheric turbulence.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Fringe visibility for pulsed digital holography with large optical path differences.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Fourier-optics imaging analysis with ABCD matrices: tutorial.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Using a broadband long-wavelength channel to increase the capture range of segment piston phase retrieval for segmented-aperture systems.

Applied optics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Video-oculography in Mice
09:43

Video-oculography in Mice

Published on: July 19, 2012

Complex pupil retrieval with undersampled data.

Samuel T Thurman1, James R Fienup

  • 1The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA. sam.t.thurman@lmco.com

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|December 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Retrieving an imaging system's pupil function from limited point spread function (PSF) data is challenging. Performance degrades with larger detector pixels, but random shifts or intermediate defocus in PSF measurements can improve results.

More Related Videos

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
07:26

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs
09:25

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Video-oculography in Mice
09:43

Video-oculography in Mice

Published on: July 19, 2012

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
07:26

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs
09:25

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Optical imaging systems
  • Computational optics
  • Image reconstruction

Background:

  • The generalized pupil function (GPF) characterizes an imaging system's optical properties.
  • Reconstructing the GPF from point spread function (PSF) measurements is crucial for system analysis and correction.
  • Undersampled data presents a significant challenge in accurate GPF retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of reconstructing the complex-valued, generalized pupil function (GPF) from undersampled defocused point spread function (PSF) measurements.
  • To evaluate the impact of detector pixel pitch on the accuracy of GPF reconstruction.
  • To explore strategies for improving GPF retrieval from undersampled data.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the imaging system and PSF acquisition.
  • The study examined the effect of varying detector pixel pitch on reconstruction accuracy.
  • Two enhancement strategies were tested: incorporating PSF measurements with random shifts and with intermediate defocus levels.

Main Results:

  • The accuracy of retrieving the generalized pupil function (GPF) from undersampled data diminishes as the detector pixel pitch increases.
  • Utilizing additional PSF measurements, specifically those with random shifts or intermediate defocus, significantly improved reconstruction results.
  • The findings highlight the trade-offs between data sampling, detector characteristics, and reconstruction fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate reconstruction of the generalized pupil function (GPF) from undersampled point spread function (PSF) data is sensitive to detector pixel pitch.
  • Employing targeted additional measurements, such as those with random shifts or intermediate defocus, offers viable solutions for enhancing GPF retrieval in undersampled scenarios.
  • These strategies provide practical approaches for improving optical system characterization when measurement constraints exist.