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    Stable interference fringes are achievable even with long optical path differences (OPD) by using pulsed laser sources. Pulsed interference measurements maintain high fringe visibility, crucial for applications like digital holography.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Interferometry and Holography

    Background:

    • Stable interference fringes in interferometry require optical path difference (OPD) to be less than source coherence length.
    • Large OPD causes fringe phase drift, reducing visibility and washing out fringes over time.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze fringe visibility in interferometry using optical pulses from continuous-wave (CW) laser sources.
    • To demonstrate high fringe visibility with OPD exceeding coherence length using pulsed sources.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of an expression for squared fringe visibility magnitude for pulsed interference.
    • Analysis of optical pulses carved from a CW laser source.

    Main Results:

    • High fringe visibility is achievable even when OPD is significantly longer than the source coherence length.
    • A rule of thumb: source coherence time should be at least 10 times the pulse duration for >95% visibility with Lorentzian line shape.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulsed interference measurements offer a viable method for maintaining high fringe visibility in systems with large OPD.
    • This finding is critical for designing digital holography systems in long-range remote sensing where path length matching is challenging.