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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Molar pregnancy-induced thyroid storm.

Joshua B Moskovitz1, Michael C Bond

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|December 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid storm, a rare complication of molar pregnancy, can occur in women of reproductive age. Prompt diagnosis and management, including D&C, can resolve symptoms and improve outcomes.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Molar pregnancy affects approximately 1 in 1000 US pregnancies.
  • Hyperthyroidism is a rare complication of molar pregnancy.
  • Thyroid storm is an infrequent but severe manifestation.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old presented with palpitations and tachycardia.
  • Initial treatment with calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers provided partial response.
  • Transfer to a tertiary center revealed pregnancy, thyroid storm, and a molar pregnancy (snowstorm ultrasound).

Findings:

  • Thyroid storm was diagnosed in a young patient with molar pregnancy.
  • Management included ICU admission and supportive care.
  • Dilatation and curettage (D&C) resolved the patient's symptoms.

Implications:

  • Gestational trophoblastic disease should be considered in women of childbearing age with hyperthyroid symptoms.
  • Early recognition and intervention are crucial for managing this rare condition.
  • D&C is an effective treatment for thyroid storm secondary to molar pregnancy.