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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

How do mycobacteria activate CD8+ T cells?

Eveline M Weerdenburg1, Peter J Peters, Nicole N van der Wel

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Trends in Microbiology
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogenic mycobacteria can activate CD8(+) T cells, crucial for immunity. This study explores how these bacteria, even if confined to phagosomes, trigger T cell responses, discussing various hypotheses for this immune activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • CD8(+) T cells are vital for adaptive immunity, recognizing cytosolic antigens.
  • Pathogenic mycobacteria were traditionally considered intracellular pathogens residing within phagosomes.
  • The mechanism by which mycobacteria, potentially confined to phagosomes, prime CD8(+) T cells remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which pathogenic mycobacteria induce CD8(+) T cell responses.
  • To discuss hypotheses explaining T cell priming by mycobacteria that may or may not access the host cytosol.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mycobacterial pathogenesis and host immune responses.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for antigen presentation to CD8(+) T cells by intracellular bacteria.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence supporting or refuting different hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • Some mycobacteria translocate from phagolysosomes into the host cytosol, directly enabling CD8(+) T cell priming.
  • Alternative mechanisms are proposed for mycobacteria that do not appear to enter the cytosol.
  • Hypotheses include cross-presentation of phagosomal antigens and potential roles of other immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterial induction of CD8(+) T cell responses can occur through direct cytosolic entry or alternative antigen presentation pathways.
  • Understanding these diverse mechanisms is crucial for developing effective vaccines and immunotherapies against mycobacterial infections.
  • Further research is needed to fully delineate the pathways involved for different mycobacterial species.