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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Formation of Human Prostate Epithelium Using Tissue Recombination of Rodent Urogenital Sinus Mesenchyme and Human Stem Cells

Formation of Human Prostate Epithelium Using Tissue Recombination of Rodent Urogenital Sinus Mesenchyme and Human Stem Cells

Published on: June 22, 2013

Stem cells: a review and implications for urology.

Richard N Yu¹, Carlos R Estrada

¹Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

|December 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell research offers promising avenues for generating patient-specific tissues for regenerative medicine. Future applications in reconstructive surgery hold potential for life improvement, pending further research and ethical considerations.

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Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biotechnology
Urology

Background:

Stem cells offer a source of non-diseased material for patient-specific cell and tissue generation.
This review covers stem cell research from initial discoveries to recent advancements and translational implications.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a broad perspective on stem cell research.
To discuss the translational implications of stem cell technologies in urology.

Main Methods:

Internet-based literature searches were conducted using PubMed.
Recent articles and review papers on stem cell research and urologic applications were identified.

Main Results:

Stem cells exhibit variable self-renewal and differentiation capacities based on their source.
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, while multipotent stem cells are lineage-restricted.
Stem cell-derived smooth muscles have been generated and show potential for tissue-engineered constructs in urology.

Conclusions:

Stem cell technologies are poised to revolutionize reconstructive surgery, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Clinical applicability hinges on continued basic research, clinical trials, and ethical/regulatory alignment.