Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Immune system evaluation of Echinacea Purpurea root extract in female Harlan Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats.

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·2026
Same author

Assessment of immunotoxicity in the 21st century: Where we are and what we need to replace animals.

Current opinion in toxicology·2026
Same author

Investigation of the potential of bisphenol A substitutes to induce allergic contact sensitization using OECD defined approaches.

ALTEX·2026
Same author

Assessing the skin sensitization potential of fragrance ingredients in consumer products using the peroxidase peptide reactivity assay (PPRA) as an additional weight of evidence.

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA·2026
Same author

Modification of the dextran sodium sulfate model to identify agents that induce or exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease.

Journal of immunotoxicology·2025
Same author

Quantitative next generation risk assessment for skin sensitization - application of regression models based on in vitro data to estimate point of departure.

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP·2025
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood
08:27

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

Published on: November 7, 2014

Immunotoxicology testing: past and future.

Michael I Luster, G Frank Gerberick

    Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
    |December 8, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Immunotoxicology has evolved from early screening tests for immunosuppression and skin sensitization to a broader field supporting risk assessment. Further validated tests are needed for allergies, autoimmunity, and immunostimulation.

    More Related Videos

    Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
    17:28

    Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

    Published on: June 17, 2015

    Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
    06:03

    Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

    Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood
    08:27

    Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

    Published on: November 7, 2014

    Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
    17:28

    Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

    Published on: June 17, 2015

    Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
    06:03

    Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Immunotoxicology
    • Toxicology
    • Risk Assessment

    Background:

    • Early immunotoxicology focused on predictive screening for immunosuppression and skin sensitization.
    • The discipline has evolved to enhance basic science understanding and human risk assessment.
    • A gap exists in validated screening tests for other immunotoxicological endpoints.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a historical perspective on immunotoxicology.
    • To discuss the evolution of immunotoxicology and its role in risk assessment.
    • To highlight the need for additional validated screening tests in various immunotoxicology areas.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical review of immunotoxicology development.
    • Discussion of early predictive screening test evolution.
    • Analysis of current gaps and recent efforts in immunotoxicology.

    Main Results:

    • Immunotoxicology has progressed from basic screening to supporting complex risk assessments.
    • Significant advancements have been made in understanding xenobiotic effects on the immune system.
    • There is an ongoing need for validated screening methods across diverse immunotoxicological areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunotoxicology has a rich history of development supporting safety assessments.
    • Continued research and development of validated screening tests are crucial.
    • Addressing gaps in areas like allergy, autoimmunity, and immunostimulation is essential for comprehensive risk evaluation.