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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Dendritic cells in immunotoxicity testing.

Donghong Gao, David A Lawrence

    Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
    |December 8, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Environmental toxicant lead (Pb) exposure alters dendritic cell (DC) development, promoting T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses. This influences adaptive immunity and may increase asthma incidence by favoring type-2 immunity.

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    Immunostimulatory Agent Evaluation: Lymphoid Tissue Extraction and Injection Route-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation
    07:04

    Immunostimulatory Agent Evaluation: Lymphoid Tissue Extraction and Injection Route-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation

    Published on: September 16, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Environmental Toxicology

    Background:

    • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for adaptive immunity, activating T cells.
    • Environmental toxicants can modify DC function and impact immune responses.
    • Lead (Pb) exposure is linked to increased asthma incidence, potentially via enhanced T helper 2 (Th2) cell activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how environmental toxicants, specifically lead (Pb), modify dendritic cells (DCs).
    • To determine the influence of Pb-modified DCs on T cell development and adaptive immunity.
    • To explore the mechanisms underlying Pb-induced Th2 cell polarization.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) from Pb-treated and control mice.
    • Characterized Pb-modified DCs (Pb-DCs) by immunophenotype and cytokine expression.
    • Performed in vitro and in vivo studies to assess Pb-DC's capacity to induce T cell responses.

    Main Results:

    • Pb-treated mice developed altered BM-DCs (Pb-DCs) with distinct immunophenotypes and cytokine profiles.
    • Pb-DCs preferentially promoted antigen-specific T cells towards a Th2 cell phenotype.
    • This promotion of Th2 responses favored type-2 humoral and cell-mediated immunity, potentially via the Erk/MAPK pathway.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental lead (Pb) exposure alters dendritic cell (DC) development and function.
    • Pb-modified DCs promote T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses, influencing adaptive immunity.
    • These findings suggest a mechanism linking Pb exposure to increased Th2-mediated diseases like asthma.