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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Onychomycosis: a clinico-epidemiological study.

S Neupane1, D B Pokhrel, B M Pokhrel

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Banke, Nepal. npsaru@hotmail.com

Nepal Medical College Journal : NMCJ
|December 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Onychomycosis, a common nail infection, frequently affects younger individuals and can lead to recurrent fungal infections. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis is the most prevalent clinical pattern observed in patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent nail condition with implications beyond aesthetics, acting as a reservoir for recurrent fungal infections.
  • Understanding the clinical patterns of onychomycosis is crucial for effective management and prevention of associated mycotic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and document the diverse clinical presentations of onychomycosis.
  • To identify the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with onychomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted.
  • 182 patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis were recruited from a dermatology outpatient department.
  • Data collection included patient demographics and clinical pattern observations.

Main Results:

  • Onychomycosis predominantly affected younger patients, with a male:female ratio of 1.1:1.
  • Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical type observed.
  • A significant proportion (58.2%) of patients had coexisting fungal infections, highlighting onychomycosis as a potential reservoir.

Conclusions:

  • Onychomycosis presents with varied clinical patterns and is more common in younger demographics.
  • The condition serves as a significant reservoir for recurrent superficial fungal infections.
  • Effective treatment of onychomycosis is essential to prevent the recurrence of cutaneous fungal infections.