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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
Published on: June 8, 2016
Investigation of surface structures by powder diffraction: a differential pair distribution function study on
Richard Harrington1, Douglas B Hausner, Narayan Bhandari
1Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. richard.harrington@stonybrook.edu
Abstract:
Differential pair distribution function (d-PDF) analysis of high energy powder X-ray diffraction data was carried out on 2-line ferrihydrite nanoparticles with arsenate oxyanions adsorbed on the surface to investigate the binding mechanism. In this analysis, a PDF of ferrihydrite is subtracted from a PDF of ferrihydrite with arsenate sorbed on the surface, leaving only correlations from within the surface layer and between the surface and the particle. As-O and As-Fe correlations were observed at 1.68 and 3.29 A, respectively, in good agreement with previously published EXAFS data, confirming a bidentate binuclear binding mechanism. Further peaks are observed in the d-PDF which are not present in EXAFS, corresponding to correlations between As and O in the particle and As-2nd Fe.
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