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Related Concept Videos

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Classification of Signals01:30

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In signal processing, signals are classified based on various characteristics: continuous-time versus discrete-time, periodic versus aperiodic, analog versus digital, and causal versus noncausal. Each category highlights distinct properties crucial for understanding and manipulating signals.
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Classification of Systems-II01:31

Classification of Systems-II

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Perception of Sound Waves01:01

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How Data are Classified: Categorical Data01:11

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections
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Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections

Published on: September 19, 2025

Supervised and unsupervised learning of multidimensional acoustic categories.

Martijn Goudbeek1, Daniel Swingley2, Roel Smits3

  • 1University of Geneva, Geneva Emotion Research Group.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|December 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Adults learn language sound categories by forming perceptual spaces. While simple, one-dimensional categories are easily learned, complex, multidimensional categories are difficult, requiring continuous distributional information for maintenance.

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Published on: November 9, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Language acquisition involves learning phonemic contrasts.
  • Categorization research shows unidimensional categories are easier than multidimensional ones.
  • Understanding how listeners learn complex sound distinctions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the learnability of unidimensional versus multidimensional phonemic categories.
  • To assess the role of supervision (feedback) in learning these categories.
  • To determine the necessity of distributional information for maintaining category distinctions.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with adult participants.
  • Participants learned either unidimensional or multidimensional category distinctions.
  • Learning conditions included the presence or absence of supervision (feedback).

Main Results:

  • Unidimensional distinctions were easily learned, with supervision aiding long-term retention.
  • Multidimensional category learning was significantly more difficult.
  • Supervision offered limited benefit for multidimensional categories; continuous distributional information was key for maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Listeners are sensitive to both feedback and stimulus distributional information.
  • Learning multidimensional categories is challenging but possible with sufficient relevant dimensions.
  • Maintaining learned multidimensional categories depends on the continued presence of identifying distributional cues.