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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile
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Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile

Published on: September 20, 2024

Changes in binocular alignment after surgery for concomitant and pattern intermittent exotropia.

Stacy L Pineles1, Arthur L Rosenbaum, Joseph L Demer

  • 1Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002, USA.

Strabismus
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Post-operative exotropia drift differs between concomitant and pattern types. Concomitant exotropia shows an outward drift, while pattern exotropia is variable, suggesting different underlying causes.

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Published on: July 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Strabismus Surgery
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Post-surgical over-correction is common for intermittent exotropia.
  • Post-operative drift in concomitant intermittent exotropia and A/V patterns lacks quantification.
  • A/V patterns may stem from muscle pulley abnormalities or fusion disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify post-operative alignment drift in intermittent exotropia.
  • To compare drift patterns in concomitant vs. A/V pattern exotropia.
  • To analyze drift based on surgical history and procedure type.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective Hess screen analysis in 20 exotropic patients.
  • Pre-operative and multiple post-operative assessments (2-108 weeks).
  • Analysis of alignment trends in primary and secondary gazes, considering concomitant, pattern, and re-operation subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Concomitant exotropia showed an average 5-degree exotropic drift by 30 weeks post-surgery.
  • Re-operations for concomitant exotropia exhibited similar outward drift.
  • Pattern exotropia displayed variable drift, with a trend towards esotropic shift, and significant pattern collapse.
  • Final post-operative exotropia averaged 1.9 degrees.

Conclusions:

  • Concomitant exotropia experiences a predictable post-operative exotropic shift.
  • Pattern exotropia (A/V patterns) shows unpredictable drift, suggesting mechanical orbital factors.
  • Initial over-correction is recommended for concomitant exotropia, but not for A/V patterns.