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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis.

W Ben Kibler1, Aaron Sciascia

  • 1Shoulder Center of Kentucky, 700 BobO-Link, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.

British Journal of Sports Medicine
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scapular dyskinesis, an altered scapular position or movement, is a common, non-specific response to shoulder pain. Early clinical detection and kinetic chain-based rehabilitation are key to restoring shoulder function.

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The scapula is crucial for shoulder function, enabling synchronous rotation, rotator cuff stability, and kinetic chain linkage.
  • Anatomical compromise, injury, muscle weakness, or inflexibility can disrupt scapular roles, leading to altered position and movement.
  • This altered scapular behavior is termed scapular dyskinesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define scapular dyskinesis as a non-specific response to shoulder pain.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical examination in identifying scapular dyskinesis.
  • To outline a treatment approach for scapular dyskinesis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination including visual inspection of scapular position at rest and during dynamic movements.
  • Objective posture measurements and performance of scapular corrective maneuvers.
  • Assessment of the extent of scapular involvement in shoulder injury.

Main Results:

  • Scapular dyskinesis is a non-specific indicator of shoulder pain, not necessarily linked to specific glenohumeral pathology.
  • Clinical examination is vital for diagnosing scapular dyskinesis.
  • Treatment should focus on optimizing anatomy and restoring dynamic stability through targeted rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

  • Scapular dyskinesis is a common finding in shoulder injuries, often a response to pain.
  • Accurate clinical assessment is necessary to identify and manage scapular dyskinesis.
  • Rehabilitation should prioritize restoring scapular stability using kinetic chain principles.