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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Vertical plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for sensitive optical sensing.

Qiaoqiang Gan1, Yongkang Gao, Filbert J Bartoli

  • 1Center for Optical Technologies, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. qig206@lehigh.edu

Optics Express
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
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Vertical plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Interferometers offer ultra-sensitive optical sensing. Their interference patterns, modulated by surface plasmon modes, enable highly sensitive detection for advanced nanoplasmonic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Surface plasmon polaritons enable novel optical phenomena.
  • Mach-Zehnder Interferometers are fundamental for optical sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate vertical plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (pMZI).
  • Explore the potential of pMZIs for ultra-sensitive optical sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of plasmonic interference in coupled subwavelength slits.
  • Experimental validation using a broadband optical source and a simple setup.
  • Analysis of far-field scattering spectra and interference pattern shifts.

Main Results:

  • Coherent coupling of subwavelength slits generates measurable plasmonic interference.

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  • Experimental results validate theoretically predicted interference patterns.
  • Observed wavelength shifts in interference peaks/valleys indicate high sensitivity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Vertical pMZIs demonstrate significant potential for ultra-sensitive optical sensing.
    • The compact device architecture offers high sensitivity compared to other nanoplasmonic sensors.
    • This technology paves the way for advanced sensing applications.