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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
2.1K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
7.5K
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

2.3K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

11.6K
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Experimental System of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration with Concentrated Collector
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Recent Advances in Radiative Cooling: From Fundamentals to Commercial Applications.

Harit Keawmuang1, Junkyeong Park1, Heon Lee2,3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiative cooling (RC) offers a sustainable, electricity-free method to cool objects by emitting heat into space. This review covers RC principles, fabrication, and applications, guiding future advancements.

Keywords:
energy efficiencymetamaterialsphotonic materialsradiative coolingsustainable technologiesthermal managementthermal radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Materials Science, Sustainable Technology

Background:

  • Radiative cooling (RC) passively lowers temperatures by emitting thermal radiation into space via the atmospheric window.
  • Unlike conventional cooling, RC is sustainable, requiring no electricity and producing no waste heat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of radiative cooling (RC) technologies.
  • To cover fundamental principles, fabrication methods, and diverse applications of RC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental photonic and thermal principles underlying RC.
  • Analysis of various RC structures, design strategies, and fabrication approaches.
  • Exploration of functionalities and emerging applications of RC devices.

Main Results:

  • RC technology has advanced rapidly, nearing practical implementation and commercialization.
  • Diverse RC structures and design strategies enable adaptation to specific requirements.
  • Emerging applications demonstrate the practical potential of RC.

Conclusions:

  • RC is a promising sustainable cooling technology with significant potential.
  • Continued research into challenges and future directions is crucial for progress.
  • This review offers insights to guide the advancement of RC.