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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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Published on: January 21, 2015

Mid-infrared near-field spectroscopy.

Sergiu Amarie1, Thomas Ganz, Fritz Keilmann

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany. samarie@rzg.mpg.de

Optics Express
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We combined infrared spectroscopy and microscopy to achieve high-resolution infrared spectra from nanoscale sample spots. This new technique offers a unique tool for background-free analysis and discriminating scattering artifacts.

Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Microscopy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Scattering near-field microscopy (s-SNOM) enables nanoscale optical analysis.
  • Dispersive Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provides broadband spectral information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To combine FTIR and s-SNOM for high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of small sample spots.
  • To develop a background-free technique for nanoscale optical analysis.
  • To demonstrate a novel method for discriminating scattering artifacts.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of dispersive FTIR with apertureless s-SNOM using an AFM cantilever in a Michelson interferometer.
  • Utilizing near-field phonon resonance of SiC for calibration and background verification.
  • Achieving simultaneous amplitude and phase spectral data acquisition.

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Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
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Main Results:

  • Demonstration of continuous infrared spectra from 20 nm sample spots with 6 cm(-1) spectral resolution.
  • Verification of background-free s-SNOM operation and determination of absolute scattering efficiency.
  • First evidence of free-induction decay from near-field coupled scatterers using broadband illumination.

Conclusions:

  • The combined FTIR and s-SNOM technique provides a powerful new tool for nanoscale infrared spectroscopy.
  • The method allows for background-free analysis and effective discrimination against scattering artifacts.
  • Observation of free-induction decay opens new avenues for studying near-field coupled systems.