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Osteoblast responsive biosilica-enriched gelatin microfibrillar microenvironments.

Elena Olăreț1, Sorina Dinescu2, Alexandra-Elena Dobranici3

  • 1Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.

Biomaterials Advances
|May 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Adding diatomite earth (DE) to gelatin scaffolds improved bone regeneration potential. The 3% DE composite showed the best preosteoblast response, enhancing mineralization for bone tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:
BiomineralizationBiosilicaElectrospinningGelatinMicrofibrillarStiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Bone regeneration scaffolds often mimic the extracellular matrix's fibrous structure.
  • Gelatin electrospun scaffolds offer a promising microenvironment for bone repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of diatomite earth (DE) incorporation on gelatin scaffolds for bone regeneration.
  • To evaluate the physico-chemical properties and cellular response of DE-modified gelatin scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of gelatin scaffolds with varying diatomite earth (DE) content (1%, 3%, 5%) using electrospinning.
  • Characterization of scaffold properties: swelling, stability, morphology, mechanical properties (Young's modulus).
  • Assessment of preosteoblast response, including metabolic activity, morphology, and osteogenic differentiation (mineralization).

Main Results:

  • DE incorporation reduced swelling and increased scaffold stiffness (Young's modulus).
  • Scaffold stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C decreased with increasing DE content.
  • The FG_DE3 scaffold (3% DE) exhibited the most favorable preosteoblast response, with enhanced mineralization.
  • High DE content (5%) negatively impacted cell metabolic activity and morphology.

Conclusions:

  • Composite gelatin-diatomite scaffolds show potential for bone tissue engineering.
  • Optimized DE content (3%) enhances osteogenic differentiation and mineralization.
  • Further research is needed to balance mechanical properties, stability, and cellular response for clinical applications.