[Ostomy for stool deviation: indications and operative techniques]

The deviation of feces is a very old and still largely applied technique used by general surgeons. Indications divide into elective and emergency operations. Among the elective cases, rectal carcinoma, extensive perianal fistulae and neurogenic disorders of the distal colon are the most common indications. In an emergency situation causes such as extensive peritonitis (e.g. due to anastomotic leakage) and extensive trauma to the pelvis/rectum quite often result in a stoma. All segments of the intestine, from the first loop after the ligament of Treitz down to the sigmoid colon, are feasible for a deviation procedure depending on the indications and the anatomical conditions. The decision whether to create a loop ostomy or a terminal stoma is reached with respect to the underlying indications and the anatomical and pathophysiological situation. The aim of the procedure is a complete and adequate stool deviation as well as a situation where the patient is able to take care of the ostomy in a convenient and reliable fashion while guided and educated by a stoma therapist. The prevention and treatment of complications, such as stoma necrosis or retraction are absolutely crucial in order to have satisfying long-term results and an acceptable quality of life.