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Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer02:57

Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer

Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in pressure...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Ambient pressure sensitivity of microbubbles investigated through a parameter study.

Klaus Scheldrup Andersen1, Jørgen Arendt Jensen

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Technical University of Denmark, Building 348, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing microbubble acoustic response for ambient pressure sensing, this study found that longer driving pulse durations significantly enhance sensitivity. Simulations show clear pressure-dependent reductions in the subharmonic component for contrast agents like Levovist and Sonazoid.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microbubble acoustic behavior is pressure-dependent.
  • Accurate ambient pressure measurements are crucial in various applications.
  • The subharmonic component of microbubble response is sensitive to pressure variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize ambient pressure measurement sensitivity using the subharmonic component of microbubble response.
  • To investigate the influence of driving pulse characteristics and ambient overpressure on microbubble acoustic behavior.
  • To simulate and compare the pressure sensitivity of different microbubble contrast agents.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of microbubble acoustic response (Levovist and Sonazoid) under varying ambient overpressure.
  • Analysis of the subharmonic component's reduction as a function of driving pulse parameters (duration, shape, pressure).
  • Correlation of simulation results with existing experimental data from literature.

Main Results:

  • Simulations demonstrated a nearly linear decrease in the subharmonic component with increasing ambient overpressure for Levovist.
  • Increasing driving pulse duration significantly amplified the observed pressure-induced reduction in the subharmonic signal.
  • Best pressure sensitivities achieved were 0.88 dB/kPa for Levovist and 1.14 dB/kPa for Sonazoid, with Sonazoid showing non-linear behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Microbubble response simulations confirm the potential for sensitive ambient pressure measurements using the subharmonic component.
  • Driving pulse duration and shape are critical factors for optimizing pressure sensitivity.
  • The findings provide a basis for developing more accurate pressure-sensing technologies utilizing microbubbles.