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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic circuitry.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...

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Treatment of panic.

Norman B Schmidt1, Meghan E Keough

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301, USA. Schmidt@psy.fsu.edu

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive behavioral treatments (CBTs) for panic disorder show consistent efficacy but lack recent innovation. Dissemination efforts and panic prevention strategies are crucial for future progress in managing panic symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Panic disorder is a significant mental health concern.
  • Cognitive behavioral treatments (CBTs) are established interventions for panic.
  • Empirical research has explored various aspects of panic treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empirical developments in psychosocial treatments for panic and panic disorder.
  • To focus on treatment efficacy, effectiveness, innovation, modulating variables, dissemination, and prevention.
  • To synthesize current knowledge and identify future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of empirical studies on panic disorder treatment.
  • Focus on four key themes: efficacy/effectiveness/innovation, modulating/process variables, dissemination, and prevention.

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  • Analysis of trends and challenges in CBT for panic.

    • Main Results:

    • CBTs demonstrate good efficacy for panic disorder, even with comorbidity.
    • Treatment efficacy has not significantly increased over time.
    • Substantive innovations in CBT protocols have been limited since the 1980s.
    • Dissemination of effective treatments, despite technological advances, is lagging.
    • Prevention of panic-spectrum psychopathology is a promising area, with risk factors influencing outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • While CBT remains effective for panic disorder, innovation and widespread dissemination are needed.
    • Further research into panic-relevant risk factors can enhance prevention and treatment.
    • Future efforts should focus on improving treatment accessibility and developing novel interventions.