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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Bipolar Disorder01:30

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

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Published on: March 12, 2020

Motor function may differentiate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from early onset bipolar disorder.

Anne H Udal1, Ulrik F Malt, Hans Lövdahl

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sörlandet Hospital, PO Box 605 4809 Arendal, Norway.

Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Neuromotor deviations, including soft neurological signs and poor coordination, can help differentiate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from bipolar disorder (BD) in children. This assessment aids in distinguishing symptom overlap from true comorbidity in clinical practice.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Differentiating bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in youth is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and ongoing neural development.
  • Motor problems and neurological soft signs are recognized features of ADHD, but their role in BD is less understood.
  • Assessing neuromotor deviations may aid in distinguishing between ADHD and BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of neuromotor deviations in differentiating ADHD from BD in pediatric patients.
  • To determine if these deviations indicate true comorbidity in cases of concurrent ADHD and BD.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-four patients aged 6-18 with BD, ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C), or comorbid BD and ADHD-C were assessed using the NUBU neuromotor test.
  • Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ROC plots.

Main Results:

  • Patients with ADHD-C and comorbid ADHD-C/BD exhibited significantly more neurological soft signs and lower static coordination percentiles than those with BD (p < 0.01).
  • The NUBU test demonstrated a positive predictive value of 89% for total soft signs and 87% for static coordination in diagnosing ADHD-C with or without concurrent BD.

Conclusions:

  • An age-standardized neuromotor test battery can enhance diagnostic accuracy for differentiating ADHD from BD in clinical settings.
  • This approach may assist in clarifying whether ADHD symptoms in children with BD represent overlap or genuine comorbidity, impacting diagnostic and treatment strategies.