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Gene expression analysis of acutely traumatized pulps.

Tomoatsu Kaneko1, Takashi Okiji, Reika Kaneko

  • 1Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. tomoendo@tmd.ac.jp

Journal of Endodontics
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Vertical root fractures in vital teeth trigger molecular changes in the pulp. Key findings show increased expression of pain-related molecules and hard tissue repair proteins in fractured areas, even without infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Traumatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vertical root fractures (VRFs) in vital teeth are uncommon but significant dental injuries.
  • Understanding the early molecular responses within the dental pulp is crucial for managing these cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mRNA expression of molecules involved in pain perception, bacterial recognition, and hard tissue repair in vertically root-fractured vital teeth.
  • To elucidate the molecular events occurring in the apical pulp following VRF.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of three extracted vital molar roots with VRFs using light and transmission electron microscopy.
  • Quantitative mRNA expression analysis via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR after laser capture microdissection of apical and coronal pulp portions.

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Main Results:

  • Fractured root portions revealed vital pulp tissue without signs of infection or inflammation.
  • mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors) and neurokinin-1 receptor was similar in apical and coronal pulp.
  • Significantly elevated mRNA levels of hard tissue repair proteins (osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin) and CACNA2D1 were observed in the apical pulp.

Conclusions:

  • The apical pulp in vertically root-fractured vital teeth exhibits heightened expression of CACNA2D1, a molecule associated with pain signaling.
  • Proteins involved in hard tissue repair and mineralization are upregulated in the apical pulp under non-infectious conditions following VRF.