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Comparative micro-computed tomography analysis of the removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide-based and calcium
Phu Yadanar Aung Myint1, Satoshi Watanabe1, Takashi Okiji1,2
1Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo.
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the removal efficiency of three different intracanal medicaments using either single-syringe irrigation (S-SI) or multiple ultrasonic-activated irrigation (M-UAI).
Methods:
Forty-two extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared to a size of 30/0.06 taper and randomly assigned to two irrigation groups: S-SI and M-UAI. Each group was subdivided based on the intracanal medicament used: Calcipex II (calcium hydroxide-based; CP), Calfee paste (calcium hydroxide-based; CF), or Bio-C Temp (calcium silicate-based; BT) (n = 7 each). After 1 week of storage under 100% humidity at 37°C, the samples underwent removal using either S-SI (1.5 mL sodium hypochlorite, 30 s) or M-UAI (1.5 mL, sequentially: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, distilled water, 6% sodium hypochlorite, and distilled water, with 30-s activation for each). Residual intracanal medicament volume was assessed using micro-computed tomography. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05).
Results:
In S-SI, CF was removed more effectively than CP. In M-UAI, CF and CP showed similar rates, whereas BT had a significantly lower removal rate.
Conclusion:
Removal efficiency varied among medicaments. CF demonstrated superior removability under both S-SI and M-UAI protocols compared with CP and BT.
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