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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Fields of gain in the brain.

Gunnar Blohm1, J Douglas Crawford

  • 1Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Physiology and Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. blohm@biomed.queensu.ca

Neuron
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Neuroscientists debated gain fields for over 20 years. New research shows eye and hand position gain fields in the parietal reach region are tightly correlated, suggesting a functional role in reach command computation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensorimotor control
  • Computational neuroscience

Background:

  • Gain fields have been debated for over two decades in sensorimotor transformations.
  • Understanding their precise role in neural computation remains a key challenge.

Discussion:

  • Chang et al. investigated the relationship between eye and hand position gain fields.
  • Their study focused on the parietal reach region, a critical area for motor planning.

Key Insights:

  • A tight correlation was demonstrated between eye and hand position gain fields.
  • This finding strongly suggests a functional role for these gain fields in computing reach commands.

Outlook:

  • Further research can elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these correlated gain fields contribute to sensorimotor transformations.

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  • Investigating gain fields in other sensorimotor contexts may reveal broader principles of neural computation.