Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deficits in episodic memory and executive functions in relation to CB1 receptor availability in Parkinson's disease.

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Two decades of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the Nordic countries from 1998 to 2017: A population-based registry analysis.

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society·2026
Same author

Midlife insulin resistance and brain beta-amyloid accumulation as predictors of change in late-life cognitive function - A 20-year follow-up study.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same author

Spontaneous Mnemonic Strategy Use Under Proactive Interference Is Related to Better Recall But Does Not Protect from Accumulating Interference.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same author

Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of vaccine ALZ-101 in patients with early Alzheimer's disease: randomised, controlled trial.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

Who gets it? Explaining variability in children's written irony comprehension.

Journal of child language·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD.

Petra Grönholm-Nyman1, Juha O Rinne, Matti Laine

  • 1Department of Psychology, Abo Akademi University, FIN-20500 Abo, Finland. pegronho@abo.fi

Neuropsychologia
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impaired word learning but similar forgetting. Semantic support aids MCI object name retrieval, indicating preserved semantic memory.

More Related Videos

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
13:34

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice

Published on: June 4, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
13:34

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice

Published on: June 4, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with memory deficits.
  • Understanding the nuances of learning and memory in these conditions is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate word learning and retention in individuals with MCI, early AD, and healthy controls.
  • To assess the impact of semantic support on object name learning and retrieval.
  • To evaluate incidental learning and recognition memory in these groups.

Main Methods:

  • Participants with MCI, early AD, and age-matched controls learned unfamiliar object names with or without semantic definitions.
  • Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning, and recognition memory were assessed during follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD groups compared to controls.
  • Forgetting patterns were similar across all groups.
  • Semantic support improved object name retrieval in the MCI group at 8 weeks, suggesting semantic memory compensation for episodic memory deficits.
  • MCI patients showed preserved incidental learning and recognition memory, comparable to controls.
  • AD patients exhibited impairments in incidental learning and recognition memory.
  • Both MCI and AD groups showed reduced benefit from phonological cueing compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Word learning is compromised in both MCI and early AD.
  • Long-term retention of newly learned words is less affected than initial learning.
  • Semantic memory appears to compensate for episodic memory deficits in MCI.
  • Incidental learning and recognition memory are relatively preserved in MCI but impaired in AD.