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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
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An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

A qualitative analysis of immunization programs with sustained high coverage, 2000-2005.

Allison Kennedy1, Holly Groom, Victoria Evans

  • 1National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, Health Services Research and Evaluation Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. AKennedy@cdc.gov

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : JPHMP
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

State and local immunization programs can sustain high childhood vaccination coverage by strengthening infrastructure, using data, building relationships, and focusing on education. These strategies are key for improving vaccine delivery nationwide.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunization Programs
  • Vaccine Coverage

Background:

  • National immunization coverage rates mask significant state and local variations.
  • State and local programs are crucial for implementing vaccine recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe successful strategies of high-coverage state and local immunization programs.
  • To identify transferable themes and practical examples for sustaining childhood vaccination rates.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of 95 semi-structured interviews.
  • Focused on 10 immunization programs with highest sustained childhood immunization coverage (2000-2005).
  • Employed a general inductive approach for transcript analysis.

Main Results:

  • Key themes included strong program infrastructure.
  • Data-driven planning and decision-making were critical.
  • Building and sustaining relationships and focused education/communication were vital.

Conclusions:

  • Lessons from high-performing programs can inform others.
  • Sustaining immunization coverage requires robust infrastructure, data utilization, relationship building, and effective communication.
  • These findings are relevant for improving childhood immunization delivery.