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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

CXCR4 acts as a costimulator during thymic beta-selection.

Paul C Trampont1, Annie-Carole Tosello-Trampont, Yuelei Shen

  • 1Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Nature Immunology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is crucial for T cell development, acting as a costimulator for the pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR). It influences thymocyte localization, survival, and proliferation during beta-selection.

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Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

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Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
08:22

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

Published on: May 31, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • T cell development relies on beta-selection, a checkpoint requiring T cell receptor-beta (Tcrb) gene rearrangement and pre-TCR formation.
  • The precise roles of other receptors, like chemokine receptors, in influencing T cell beta-selection are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in T cell development and beta-selection.
  • To elucidate the functional association between CXCR4 and the pre-TCR signaling pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of thymocyte development and localization in the thymus.
  • Investigating signaling pathways downstream of CXCR4 and pre-TCR interactions.
  • Characterization of T cell receptor-beta (Tcrb) gene rearrangement and pre-TCR expression.

Main Results:

  • CXCR4 functionally associates with the pre-TCR during T cell development.
  • CXCR4 regulates thymocyte localization within thymic subregions.
  • CXCR4 enhances pre-TCR-induced survival signals and promotes thymocyte proliferation, acting as a costimulator.

Conclusions:

  • CXCR4 plays a significant role as a costimulator of the pre-TCR during the beta-selection checkpoint.
  • CXCR4 influences multiple aspects of T cell development, including thymocyte trafficking, survival, and proliferation.