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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

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Published on: April 29, 2010

The initiation step of eukaryotic DNA replication.

Helmut Pospiech1, Frank Grosse, Francesca M Pisani

  • 1Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, D-07745 Jena, Germany.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiation involves specific kinases phosphorylating Sld2 and Sld3. These factors, with Dbp11, recruit Cdc45 and GINS complexes to origins, enabling DNA polymerase loading and replication fork establishment.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication initiation is a complex, highly regulated process essential for cell division.
  • Key protein factors and kinases orchestrate the precise timing and location of replication origins.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending genome stability and cell cycle control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the roles of specific protein complexes in eukaryotic DNA replication initiation.
  • To detail the sequential loading of initiation factors and their interaction with DNA polymerases.
  • To compare the conserved and divergent aspects of replication initiation between yeast and metazoans.

Main Methods:

  • Phosphorylation assays to study kinase activity on initiation factors.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to analyze protein complex formation.
  • Analysis of protein homology across different species.

Main Results:

  • Cyclin-Cdk1 and Dfb4-Cdc7 kinases phosphorylate Sld2 and Sld3.
  • Phosphorylated Sld2/Sld3/Dbp11 complex recruits Cdc45 and the GINS complex to replication origins.
  • Cdc45 and GINS form a stable complex with MCM2-7 helicase at the elongating fork.
  • The Sld2/Sld3/Dbp11 initiation complex is not retained at the elongating fork.

Conclusions:

  • The study details a conserved pathway for DNA replication initiation involving sequential complex assembly.
  • Cdc45 and GINS are essential for helicase activation and replication fork progression.
  • Differences in Sld2 and Sld3 homologues suggest species-specific adaptations in replication initiation.