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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Bernoulli's Principle01:01

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
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Published on: August 5, 2016

Dune formation under bimodal winds.

Eric J R Parteli1, Orencio Durán, Haim Tsoar

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza CE 60455-760, Brazil.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models sand transport under bimodal winds, revealing how dune shapes form with varying wind directions. It explains the formation of linear seif and unusual wedge dunes observed on planets like Mars.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Geomorphology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Dune morphology is key to understanding planetary wind systems.
  • Current models are limited to unidirectional winds, lacking explanation for complex, multi-directional wind patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a model for calculating sand transport under bimodal wind conditions.
  • To investigate the formation and morphology of dunes influenced by seasonally varying wind directions.

Main Methods:

  • Extended a dune model to incorporate multiple wind directions.
  • Calculated sand transport dynamics under bimodal wind scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Dunes align longitudinally with the resultant wind trend when the angle between wind directions exceeds 90 degrees.
  • High sand availability results in linear seif dunes, with meandering shapes controlled by dune height and wind duration.
  • Low sand availability produces a spectrum of bimodal dune morphologies, including Martian wedge dunes.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a novel model for dune formation under complex wind systems.
  • The findings explain the origin of diverse dune shapes, including those observed on Mars, under bimodal wind regimes.