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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
11:32

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Random K-noncrossing RNA structures.

William Y C Chen1, Hillary S W Han, Christian M Reidys

  • 1Center for Combinatorics, LPMC-TJKLC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new framework for RNA pseudoknot structures, interpreting them as Markov process paths. An algorithm is developed to generate these structures with uniform probability, aiding in folding and energy-based sampling.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
11:32

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • RNA Structure Prediction

Background:

  • RNA pseudoknots are complex secondary structures crucial for RNA function.
  • Predicting pseudoknot structures is challenging due to their intricate topology.
  • Existing methods for RNA folding often struggle with pseudoknot prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel combinatorial framework for interpreting RNA pseudoknot structures.
  • To develop an algorithm for generating RNA pseudoknot structures with uniform probability.
  • To lay the groundwork for sequence-specific and energy-based transition probabilities in RNA folding.

Main Methods:

  • Interpreting RNA pseudoknot structures as sampling paths of a Markov process.
  • Utilizing a correspondence between pseudoknot structures and tableau sequences (lattice paths).
  • Applying D-finiteness for efficient computation of transition probabilities in stochastic processes.

Main Results:

  • A combinatorial framework for RNA pseudoknots based on Markov processes.
  • An algorithm that generates RNA pseudoknot structures with uniform probability.
  • Facilitation of energy-based sampling and ab initio folding using hidden Markov models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a probabilistic interpretation of RNA pseudoknots.
  • The uniform probability generation algorithm is a key step towards more sophisticated RNA folding models.
  • This approach enhances the computational prediction and analysis of complex RNA structures.