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Nandrolone: a multi-faceted doping agent.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nandrolone (nortestosterone) is a prohibited anabolic-androgenic steroid with a long history in doping control.
  • Despite established detection methods, nandrolone remains prevalent in WADA-accredited laboratories.
  • Its administration forms have evolved, including esters and oral prohormones, complicating detection patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving landscape of nandrolone detection and interpretation in sports doping.
  • To highlight new insights into nandrolone pharmacology, including endogenous production.
  • To discuss factors influencing analytical findings, such as drug interference and sample storage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of analytical techniques for nandrolone and its metabolites.
  • Discussion of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.
  • Examination of criteria for interpreting nandrolone findings.

Main Results:

  • Nandrolone esters and oral precursors present challenges due to long detection windows and altered misuse patterns.
  • Advanced analytical methods have lowered detection limits, revealing endogenous nandrolone production.
  • Factors like supplement contamination and drug interactions can interfere with results.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate interpretation of nandrolone findings requires strict criteria, including threshold limits.
  • Consideration of natural nandrolone production, drug interference, and sample integrity is crucial.
  • Evolving misuse patterns and analytical advancements necessitate continuous refinement of doping control strategies.