Adipokines in children with obstructive sleep apnea and the effects of treatment
Albert M Li1, Crystal Ng, Siu K Ng
1Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital and Shatin Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. albertmli@cuhk.edu.hk
Insights
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children does not significantly alter adipokine levels. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the primary factor influencing adiponectin and leptin concentrations, not OSA itself.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Sleep Medicine
- Metabolic Research
Background:
- Adipokines play a role in metabolic regulation.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized in children.
- The relationship between OSA, adipokines, and obesity in pediatric populations requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate circulating adipokine concentrations in children with and without OSA.
- To determine the impact of OSA treatment on plasma adipokine levels.
Main Methods:
- Recruitment of children with habitual snoring and OSA symptoms.
- Assessment using sleep apnea symptom questionnaires, physical examination, and polysomnography (PSG).
- Measurement of fasting serum adiponectin, leptin, and lipid profiles; comparison across obese/nonobese and OSA/non-OSA groups.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in adiponectin or leptin between children with and without OSA, regardless of obesity status.
- Systolic BP, age, HDL cholesterol, and BMI z-score associated with adiponectin.
- Diastolic BP, triglycerides, height, and BMI z-score associated with leptin.
- Post-treatment adiponectin reduction in OSA children was not significant after adjusting for BMI changes.
Conclusions:
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is the primary determinant of adipokine levels in children.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not the main driver of adipokine alterations in this pediatric cohort.
Background:
The objective of this study was to evaluate circulating adipokines concentration in children with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to determine the effects of treatment of OSA on their plasma concentration.
Methods:
Children with habitual snoring and symptoms suggestive of OSA were consecutively recruited. Their parents completed a sleep apnea symptom questionnaire, and the subjects underwent physical examination and an overnight polysomnography (PSG). OSA was diagnosed if they had an obstructive apnea index > 1. Fasting serum adiponectin, leptin, and lipid profiles were taken after overnight PSG. The subjects were divided into groups as obese, nonobese, and with and without OSA for comparison.
Results:
One hundred forty-one children, of whom 96 were boys, with a median (interquartile range) age of 10.8 (8.5-12.8) years were recruited. Forty-three subjects had OSA. Subjects with OSA did not have significantly different adiponectin and leptin concentrations than those without OSA for both the obese and nonobese groups. Stepwise multiple linear regressions revealed that systolic BP, age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI z-score were independently associated with adiponectin, whereas diastolic BP, triglyceride, height, and BMI z-score were independently associated with leptin concentration. Sixteen children with OSA underwent treatment, and there was reduction in their plasma adiponectin concentration after intervention, but such change became insignificant after controlling for change in the BMI z-score.
Conclusions:
BMI rather than OSA was the main determinant of adipokines in children.
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