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Migration

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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.

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Cell Migration

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Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Visualization of Tangential Cell Migration in the Developing Chick Optic Tectum

Visualization of Tangential Cell Migration in the Developing Chick Optic Tectum

Published on: October 24, 2018

Migration in two directions.

Rita Slim¹, Salam Koussa, Hassan Awada

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon. rslimkaram@hotmail.com

Le Journal Medical Libanais. the Lebanese Medical Journal

|December 24, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Home-based percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes can cause late complications like parietal abscess or gastrointestinal bleeding. Awareness and regular checks are crucial for patient safety.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Medical Devices
Patient Safety

Background:

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a common method for long-term enteral nutrition.
While generally safe, PEG procedures carry risks of potential complications.
Late complications require prompt recognition and management.

Observation:

Two patients with home-use PEG tubes presented to the emergency department with distinct late complications.
A 75-year-old male developed a parietal abscess due to internal button migration, treated with antibiotics and tube removal.
A 14-year-old male experienced upper gastrointestinal bleeding from intestinal perforation at the internal button site, managed conservatively.

Findings:

PEG tube migration can lead to serious intra-abdominal complications such as abscess formation.
Internal button displacement poses a risk for gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation.
Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for favorable outcomes in PEG-related complications.

Implications:

Healthcare providers and caregivers must be vigilant for potential late complications associated with PEG tubes.
Routine checks of PEG tube position and patency before feeding are critical.
Immediate medical attention is necessary for any concerning signs or symptoms related to PEG tubes.